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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are prescribed medication for the condition. It can improve symptoms, but it could cause adverse negative effects. If you have adverse reactions, consult your GP about them. Stimulants are the most common type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These drugs increase the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant that is the first choice for treating ADHD in adults and children, is the most commonly prescribed medication. It works by increasing activity in parts of the brain that assist to regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate is also used to treat other conditions such as narcolepsy. It can assist people suffering from narcolepsy to stay awake and improve their ability focus and pay attention. This medication could have an extremely high risk of abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Taking this medication exactly as prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse and other side effects. Methylphenidate may cause psychotic symptoms for certain people. It can also worsen behavior and tics in some patients suffering from Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before starting this medication, people with these conditions should consult their doctor. It is essential to inform your doctor if there are any other health issues or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow color found in some processed foods and in some medications and Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain medications, including opioids, antidepressants and monamine oxide inhibitors. These include isocarboxazid linezolid and methylene blue. rasagiline, Emsam, Zelapar, or tranylcypromine. It is also essential to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant substances while taking methylphenidate. These drugs can cause a negative effect on your heart rate or blood pressure. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) and the chewable tablet with long-acting function and the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine, which can be dangerous if you suffer from a genetic condition called phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant drug, works in the brain and improves mood. It also reduces symptoms of ADHD. It is also used for depression and seasonal depression (SAD) which can occur during the fall-winter months. It can also be used to aid people in quitting smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. A number of studies conducted on adults have shown that bupropion improves ADHD symptoms in comparison to placebo. The pooled fixed effect RR for week-6 improvements (using a clinically significant change of 30% or greater on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this is 52 percent of the bupropion-treated group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion may cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with a number of different medications, including sedatives antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications. It can also increase the risk of seizures for those with a history of seizure or high blood pressure. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion is available as the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants (or TCAs are a class of drugs that work by altering brain chemicals. They were one of the first antidepressants to be that were developed, and though they are no longer a first-line treatment for depression, they can still be effective for some patients suffering from other conditions. They work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and noradrenaline, increasing their presence in neurons. They can also be employed to treat a range of other disorders such as enuresis, pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia, and phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed alone or in conjunction with stimulants, and can have a beneficial impact on the symptoms of ADHD. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and may decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. Additionally, they can help manage tics, which are repetitive and uncontrollable sounds or movements, such as throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can trigger side effects, such as dry mouth, sedation, and constipation, and can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. These medications can interact negatively with other medications like anticholinergics, and should not be used by women who are pregnant. They are also known to be teratogenic in animals, and may cross the placenta. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor because there are newer antidepressants with a safer adverse-effect profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a type of antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake by neuronal cells and increase the amount of available serotonin to signal. They also decrease anxiety and lower impulsive behavior. They are commonly used to treat adhd as they can assist some people with their symptoms and work well in conjunction with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics, and have a very low clearance from the human body. However they are extensively processed by CYP450 enzymes inside the liver. This results in blood concentrations that fluctuate. These medications are also prescribed to treat other disorders, including major depressive disorder, bulimia-nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline can help to reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't appear to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect of sexual dysfunction. If you're thinking of taking one of these drugs it is essential to consult your doctor. Many people have to try a few different types of ADHD medications before settling on the one that suits them. Medications are constantly being developed and researched. It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you use. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If stimulant medications do not work for adults with ADHD doctors prescribe an inhibitor of selective norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI). These medications boost the levels of two brain chemicals called norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs, but they are safer and have fewer side effects. They are utilized for many ailments, including anxiety disorders, chronic pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression as well. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications act by inhibiting the absorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, which is a natural process in the brain following neurotransmission. This results in a higher than normal release of norepinephrine in a phasic manner. The increased levels of norepinephrine help improve mood and concentration. Although SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, some doctors use them as a substitute for stimulants. They are typically taken orally in the form of pills, but they can be taken in the form of patches or liquids. The FDA approved a oral SNRI, called viloxazine or Qelbree to treat ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It is not a controlled medication because it does not have the potential of being misused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. They are prescribed to treat anxiety and depression disorders, but they can also help manage ADHD symptoms. adhd medication online as venlafaxine or duloxetine have been proven in numerous studies to significantly lower scores on various ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs can raise blood pressure or interact with certain medications. It is essential to speak with a physician prior taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly disposed medication can harm both people and animals. It is therefore essential to follow the correct disposal instructions. SSRIs or SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, as well as having less negative effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor about your child's symptoms and discuss the pros and cons of these medications. SNRIs are not suitable for all people. For example women who are pregnant or nursing should not take SNRIs, because they can be absorbed into breast milk. They should also not be used by people who suffer from high blood pressure, liver issues, or other cardiovascular conditions. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people suffering from ADHD discover that medication can help them improve their focus and concentration. Some individuals may also notice a decrease in their impulsive behavior. Medication is usually combined with behavior therapy and skills training, which help people get control of their symptoms. Finding the appropriate medication for each individual takes time. During this time doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to determine the right balance between the effects of side effects and the benefits. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, enhance the activity of specific brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. They are generally safe and effective for most people, however, they may cause serious side consequences, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These effects usually disappear within some weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children alike can use non-stimulant drugs. They can take longer to work but they can enhance impulse control and concentration. They can include alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (atomoxetine, viloxazine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants can also be effective in treating ADHD. They can boost the neurotransmitter norepinephrine level in the brain, and aid in depression and impulsive behavior. Bupropion, a depressant, has been used to treat ADHD. It was initially prescribed “off-label” for ADHD but the drug companies eventually came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this condition.